{"schema_version":"1.0.0","site":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za","disclaimer":"Educational only. Not financial advice. Not an FSP/CASP. DYOR. Listings and tools are not buy, sell, custody, or swap recommendations.","updatedOn":"2026-11-13","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary","count":147,"terms":[{"term":"Agent","slug":"ai-agent","short":"A model in a loop with tools: it proposes actions, a host carries them out and feeds back results, and the loop repeats until the model stops. Its reach is set by what is enabled, not by the model.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#ai-agent","aliases":["AI agent","agent","agent loop"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"agent-zero-container-is-not-the-boundary","title":"Docker Is the Starting Line, Not the Boundary: Mapping Every Bridge Out of Agent Zero","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/agent-zero-container-is-not-the-boundary"},{"slug":"local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary","title":"Inference Residency Is Not Action Residency: Tools, MCP, and Local LLMs","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["tool-calling","mcp","trust-boundary"],"sources":["https://docs.ollama.com/capabilities/tool-calling","https://github.com/agent0ai/agent-zero"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Air-gapped signing","slug":"air-gapped-signing","short":"Signing on a device that never connects to a network, carrying unsigned and signed PSBTs across by QR code or memory card. It keeps keys off the online machine but cannot stop you approving a bad destination.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#air-gapped-signing","aliases":["air gap","offline signing"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing","title":"PSBT and Air-Gapped Signing: Keep Keys Offline While the Network Watches","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing"},{"slug":"self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380","title":"A Seed Phrase Is Not a Wallet Definition: BIP 380 Output Descriptors","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["psbt","hardware-wallet","watch-only-wallet"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0174.mediawiki","https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/wallets.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"AMM (automated market maker)","slug":"amm","short":"A smart contract that holds reserves of two assets and quotes swaps from a fixed formula over them, such as the constant product, instead of matching orders. Its quote is a reserve ratio, not anyone's decision.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#amm","aliases":["automated market maker","liquidity pool","constant-product pool"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"amm-pool-is-a-formula","title":"An AMM Pool Is a Formula, Not a Market Maker","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/amm-pool-is-a-formula"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["slippage","mev","tvl","dex"],"sources":["https://uniswap.org/whitepaper.pdf","https://github.com/Uniswap/v2-core/blob/master/contracts/UniswapV2Pair.sol"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Anonymity set","slug":"anonymity-set","short":"The group of candidates an observer cannot tell apart for a given action. It can be smaller than the number named: statistically distinguishable ring members, a young pool, fees or timing all shrink it.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#anonymity-set","aliases":[],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size","title":"An Anonymity Set Is Not a Ring Size","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size"},{"slug":"fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs","title":"From Rings of 16 to the Whole Chain: What FCMP++ Changes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["ring-size","decoy","full-chain-membership-proof","unlinkability"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/2024/04/27/fcmps.html","https://www.getmonero.org/2025/04/05/ospead-optimal-ring-signature-research.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Attestation","slug":"attestation","short":"Signed evidence about what software is running on a device, such as a TEE, which a verifier appraises. A fresh nonce stops replay; a server saying verified is not proof until the evidence is checked against the hardware maker's keys.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#attestation","aliases":["remote attestation"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"venice-ai-privacy-modes-verify-vs-trust","title":"A Privacy Mode Is Not a Proof: Venice's Ladder from Policy to Enclave","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/venice-ai-privacy-modes-verify-vs-trust"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["tee","end-to-end-encryption"],"sources":["https://docs.venice.ai/guides/features/tee-e2ee-models","https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9334.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Autonomi","slug":"autonomi","short":"A decentralised storage network where clients self-encrypt data into chunks and nodes store and replicate them by content address. Stored data is immutable and paid for once when written; reading needs no payment.","pillar":"autonomi","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#autonomi","aliases":["Autonomi Network"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"autonomi-post-quantum-is-a-layer-not-a-blanket","title":"Post-Quantum Is a Layer, Not a Blanket: What Autonomi's PQC Actually Covers","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-post-quantum-is-a-layer-not-a-blanket"},{"slug":"autonomi-self-encryption-datamap","title":"Autonomi Without the Data Map Is Just Scattered Ciphertext","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-self-encryption-datamap"},{"slug":"autonomi-immutable-chunks-public-private","title":"Autonomi Stores Immutable Chunks — Public Address vs Private DataMap","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-immutable-chunks-public-private"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["self-encryption","chunk","pay-once-storage"],"sources":["https://docs.autonomi.com/introduction/what-is-autonomi","https://docs.autonomi.com/how-it-works/data-types"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Autonomi Network Token (storage payment)","slug":"autonomi-network-token","short":"The token Autonomi's documentation names for paying storage writes, settled on an EVM network with network gas paid separately. Reading needs no token or wallet, and the paying wallet key cannot decrypt anything.","pillar":"autonomi","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#autonomi-network-token","aliases":["Autonomi Network Token"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"autonomi-pay-once-upload-not-subscription","title":"Pay-Once Is Not a Subscription: Autonomi Upload Payment vs Retrieval","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-pay-once-upload-not-subscription"},{"slug":"autonomi-self-encryption-datamap","title":"Autonomi Without the Data Map Is Just Scattered Ciphertext","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-self-encryption-datamap"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["pay-once-storage","token-approval","autonomi"],"sources":["https://docs.autonomi.com/developers/core-concepts/payment-model","https://docs.autonomi.com/developers/core-concepts/keys-addresses-and-datamaps"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Bind address (loopback)","slug":"bind-address","short":"The network address a server listens on. Loopback, 127.0.0.1, accepts connections only from the same machine; 0.0.0.0 listens on every interface, so without authentication anyone who can reach the port can use the server.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#bind-address","aliases":["loopback","127.0.0.1","localhost"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"local-is-not-private-who-can-reach-your-model","title":"Local Is Not Private: Who Else Can Reach Your Model Server","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-is-not-private-who-can-reach-your-model"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["ollama","llama-cpp","trust-boundary"],"sources":["https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/faq.mdx","https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/tools/server/README.md","https://docs.docker.com/engine/network/port-publishing/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"BIP 137","slug":"bip-137","short":"An older Bitcoin message-signing format: a 65-byte signature whose header byte says which single-key address type signed. It cannot cover multisig, other scripts or Taproot, and BIP 322 now limits its legacy format to P2PKH.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#bip-137","aliases":["legacy message signing","BIP137"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-a-signature-is-not-proof-of-funds","title":"A Signature Is Not Proof of Funds: What BIP 322 Message Signing Can and Cannot Show","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-a-signature-is-not-proof-of-funds"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["message-signing","proof-of-funds"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0137.mediawiki","https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0322.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"BIP 32","slug":"bip-32","short":"The standard for hierarchical deterministic (HD) wallets: one seed becomes a tree of keys, each child derived from its parent key, a chain code and an index. That is why one backup can recreate every key in the tree.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#bip-32","aliases":["HD wallet","hierarchical deterministic wallet","BIP32"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"seed-backup-is-not-recovery","title":"A Backup Is Not a Recovery: Seed Phrases, Passphrases, and the Restore You Haven't Tested","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/seed-backup-is-not-recovery"},{"slug":"self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key","title":"An xpub Is Not a Public Key: What Sharing an Extended Public Key Actually Exposes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["hardened-derivation","derivation-path","xpub"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"BIP 353","slug":"bip-353","short":"DNS Payment Instructions: a bitcoin: payment URI, often holding a BOLT 12 offer, stored in a DNSSEC-signed TXT record for a name like user@domain. Wallets must check the signatures up to the DNS root themselves.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#bip-353","aliases":["DNS payment instructions","human-readable bitcoin names"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-address-is-a-pointer-not-a-key","title":"A Name Is a Pointer, Not a Key: What Lightning Addresses and ₿-Names Actually Trust","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-address-is-a-pointer-not-a-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["dnssec","lightning-address","bolt-12-offer"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0353.mediawiki","https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9102.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"BIP 39","slug":"bip-39","short":"A standard that encodes 128 to 256 bits of entropy plus a checksum as 12 to 24 words from a 2,048-word list. PBKDF2 turns the words and optional passphrase into a binary seed. The checksum misses some errors, corrects none.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#bip-39","aliases":["BIP39"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"seed-backup-is-not-recovery","title":"A Backup Is Not a Recovery: Seed Phrases, Passphrases, and the Restore You Haven't Tested","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/seed-backup-is-not-recovery"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["seed-phrase","bip-39-passphrase","bip-32"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"BIP 39 passphrase","slug":"bip-39-passphrase","short":"Optional text mixed in when BIP 39 words become a seed; it is not part of the written words. Each passphrase gives a different valid wallet, so a typo shows an empty wallet, not an error. Back it up separately.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#bip-39-passphrase","aliases":["seed passphrase","mnemonic passphrase"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"seed-backup-is-not-recovery","title":"A Backup Is Not a Recovery: Seed Phrases, Passphrases, and the Restore You Haven't Tested","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/seed-backup-is-not-recovery"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["bip-39","seed-phrase","recovery-test"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Bitcoin Core","slug":"bitcoin-core","short":"Open-source software that connects to the Bitcoin peer-to-peer network to download and fully validate blocks and transactions, with an optional wallet. Its releases ship with signed checksums, and it can connect over Tor or I2P.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#bitcoin-core","aliases":["bitcoind","bitcoin-qt"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"},{"slug":"network-privacy-node-tor-i2p","title":"On-Chain Privacy Is Not Network Privacy: Node Choice, Tor, and I2P","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/network-privacy-node-tor-i2p"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["full-node","release-signature","reproducible-build"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/README.md","https://bitcoincore.org/en/download/","https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/tor.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Blinded path","slug":"blinded-path","short":"A route chosen by the recipient where the payer sees the real identity of only the first node, the introduction point, and blinded identifiers after it. BOLT 12 uses blinded paths so the receiving node can stay hidden.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#blinded-path","aliases":["route blinding","blinded route"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only","title":"A BOLT-12 Offer Is Not a Reusable Invoice","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["bolt-12-offer","onion-message"],"sources":["https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/04-onion-routing.md","https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/proposals/route-blinding.md","https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/12-offer-encoding.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"BOLT 12 offer","slug":"bolt-12-offer","short":"A reusable Lightning payment code (starting lno) that is not itself an invoice. A payer uses it to request a fresh BOLT 12 invoice over onion messages, and blinded paths can hide the receiving node.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#bolt-12-offer","aliases":["BOLT 12","BOLT12","lno"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only","title":"A BOLT-12 Offer Is Not a Reusable Invoice","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["onion-message","blinded-path","bolt-11-invoice"],"sources":["https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/12-offer-encoding.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Carrot","slug":"carrot","short":"An addressing protocol designed for the proposed FCMP++ upgrade, defining how wallets build and recognise outputs while existing addresses keep working. It lets a recipient recognise Janus attack outputs.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#carrot","aliases":[],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs","title":"From Rings of 16 to the Whole Chain: What FCMP++ Changes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs"},{"slug":"monero-subaddress-is-not-a-separate-identity","title":"A Subaddress Is Not a Separate Identity: Janus Outputs, Sweeps, and the Seed Boundary","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-subaddress-is-not-a-separate-identity"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["fcmp-plus-plus","janus-attack","subaddress"],"sources":["https://github.com/jeffro256/carrot/blob/master/carrot.md","https://www.getmonero.org/2024/04/27/fcmps.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"CEX (centralised exchange)","slug":"cex","short":"A business that holds customers' assets in wallets it controls and records each customer's share in its own ledger. A balance is a claim on the operator, not coins under the customer's keys, and withdrawals depend on the operator.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#cex","aliases":["centralised exchange","centralized exchange"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"exchange-models-custody-identity-escrow","title":"Who Holds the Coins Mid-Trade? CEX, DEX and Escrowed P2P","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/exchange-models-custody-identity-escrow"},{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["custodial-wallet","self-custody","dex","kyc"],"sources":["https://www.fatf-gafi.org/en/publications/Fatfrecommendations/Fatf-recommendations.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Chat template","slug":"chat-template","short":"The format that turns a conversation's messages into the exact token text a model was trained to expect. It ships with the model or runner, and changing it can change behaviour, such as whether reasoning text replaces the answer.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#chat-template","aliases":["prompt template"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"oss-ai-2026-11-09-speaker-label-is-not-identity","title":"A Speaker Label Is Not an Identity: Offline Transcription Arrives in llama.cpp v0.9.0","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/oss-ai-2026-11-09-speaker-label-is-not-identity"},{"slug":"oss-ai-2026-10-05-systemone-is-not-chat","title":"A Decision Endpoint Is Not a Chat Completion: Ollama’s /v1/systemone and What You Can Verify","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/oss-ai-2026-10-05-systemone-is-not-chat"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["model-card","llama-cpp","ollama"],"sources":["https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main/en/chat_templating","https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/modelfile.mdx"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Chunk (Autonomi)","slug":"chunk","short":"Autonomi's storage primitive: an immutable piece of content, normally produced by self-encryption, stored at an address derived from its own bytes. Changing the bytes changes the address, so an update is a new upload.","pillar":"autonomi","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#chunk","aliases":["Autonomi chunk","encrypted chunk"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"autonomi-immutable-chunks-public-private","title":"Autonomi Stores Immutable Chunks — Public Address vs Private DataMap","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-immutable-chunks-public-private"},{"slug":"autonomi-self-encryption-datamap","title":"Autonomi Without the Data Map Is Just Scattered Ciphertext","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-self-encryption-datamap"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["immutable-data","self-encryption","data-map"],"sources":["https://docs.autonomi.com/how-it-works/data-types","https://docs.autonomi.com/developers/core-concepts/data-types"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Custodial wallet","slug":"custodial-wallet","short":"A wallet where a service holds the keys and shows a balance from its ledger: an IOU, not coins you control. The operator can freeze access or fail, and a Lightning payment to it proves only its node was paid.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#custodial-wallet","aliases":["custodial service","custodial account"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-receive-only-tips","title":"Receive-Only Lightning Is Not a Merchant Stack","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-receive-only-tips"},{"slug":"lightning-preimage-is-not-a-receipt","title":"A Preimage Is Not a Receipt: What a Settled Lightning Payment Actually Proves","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-preimage-is-not-a-receipt"},{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["self-custody","lightning-address","preimage"],"sources":["https://bitcoin.org/en/secure-your-wallet"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Data Map","slug":"data-map","short":"In Autonomi, the record self-encryption produces: each encrypted chunk's address plus what is needed to decrypt it. Without it the network holds only ciphertext. Where it is stored decides public or private.","pillar":"autonomi","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#data-map","aliases":["DataMap","data map"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"autonomi-self-encryption-datamap","title":"Autonomi Without the Data Map Is Just Scattered Ciphertext","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-self-encryption-datamap"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["self-encryption","chunk","public-vs-private-upload"],"sources":["https://docs.autonomi.com/how-it-works/encryption-and-authentication/self-encryption","https://docs.autonomi.com/developers/core-concepts/self-encryption"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Decoy","slug":"decoy","short":"An older output from the chain that a Monero wallet adds to a ring so the real spend hides among them. Decoys help only if they look like real spends; their age selection is the main known weakness.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#decoy","aliases":["decoy output","foreign output"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-class-privacy","title":"What Transparent Ledgers Leak — and Why On-Chain Privacy Matters","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-class-privacy"},{"slug":"anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size","title":"An Anonymity Set Is Not a Ring Size","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["ring-size","ring-signature","ospead"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/ring-size.html","https://www.getmonero.org/2025/04/05/ospead-optimal-ring-signature-research.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Derivation path","slug":"derivation-path","short":"The steps from a seed to one key, written like m/44'/0'/0'/0/5. BIP 44-style paths separate purpose, coin, account, receive or change, and index. The seed itself does not record which path a wallet used.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#derivation-path","aliases":["BIP 44","HD path","BIP 44 path"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key","title":"An xpub Is Not a Public Key: What Sharing an Extended Public Key Actually Exposes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key"},{"slug":"seed-backup-is-not-recovery","title":"A Backup Is Not a Recovery: Seed Phrases, Passphrases, and the Restore You Haven't Tested","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/seed-backup-is-not-recovery"},{"slug":"self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380","title":"A Seed Phrase Is Not a Wallet Definition: BIP 380 Output Descriptors","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["bip-32","hardened-derivation","output-descriptor"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki","https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0044.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"DEX (decentralised exchange)","slug":"dex","short":"A set of smart contracts that settles swaps on a blockchain: the user's own wallet signs each transaction and the contract moves the assets by its code, so no operator takes custody. Bugs, token approvals and irreversibility remain.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#dex","aliases":["decentralised exchange","decentralized exchange"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"exchange-models-custody-identity-escrow","title":"Who Holds the Coins Mid-Trade? CEX, DEX and Escrowed P2P","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/exchange-models-custody-identity-escrow"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["cex","token-approval","non-custodial"],"sources":["https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/smart-contracts/","https://ethereum.org/en/glossary/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Difficulty adjustment","slug":"difficulty-adjustment","short":"Bitcoin's automatic retarget every 2,016 blocks: if those blocks came faster or slower than two weeks, the target changes so blocks average about ten minutes apart. The metrics page shows mempool.space's figure, not its own calculation.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#difficulty-adjustment","aliases":["difficulty","retarget","difficulty retarget"],"relatedNotes":[],"relatedPages":["/metrics#method"],"seeAlso":["hashrate","full-node"],"sources":["https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/block_chain.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"DNSSEC","slug":"dnssec","short":"Signatures on DNS records that let a resolver check an answer against a chain of keys up to the DNS root. A redirect then needs a checkable signature, but holders of domain or parent-zone keys remain authorities.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#dnssec","aliases":["DNS Security Extensions"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-address-is-a-pointer-not-a-key","title":"A Name Is a Pointer, Not a Key: What Lightning Addresses and ₿-Names Actually Trust","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-address-is-a-pointer-not-a-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["bip-353","lightning-address"],"sources":["https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4033.html","https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9102.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Embedding","slug":"embedding","short":"A fixed-length list of numbers an embedding model produces for a piece of text, placing related text close together. Indexing and querying need the same model; embeddings of sensitive text are a lossy but recoverable shadow of it.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#embedding","aliases":["text embedding","embedding vector"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"local-rag-embeddings-residency","title":"Local Chat Is Not Data Residency: RAG, Embeddings, and Vector Stores","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-rag-embeddings-residency"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["vector-store","rag"],"sources":["https://docs.ollama.com/capabilities/embeddings"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"End-to-end encryption (E2EE)","slug":"end-to-end-encryption","short":"Encryption so only a conversation's participants can read its content, not the servers carrying it. It does not hide metadata, and public channels or broadcasts are not private even inside an app that encrypts chats.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#end-to-end-encryption","aliases":["E2EE","end to end encryption"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"private-messaging-choosing-how-you-communicate","title":"Private Messaging: Choosing How You Communicate","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/private-messaging-choosing-how-you-communicate"},{"slug":"nostr-gift-wrap-hides-the-sender-not-the-envelope","title":"A Gift Wrap Hides the Sender, Not the Envelope: What NIP-17 Private Messages Still Leak","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-gift-wrap-hides-the-sender-not-the-envelope"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["metadata","threat-model"],"sources":["https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9420.html","https://simplex.chat/docs/guide/privacy-security.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Escrowed P2P exchange","slug":"escrowed-p2p-exchange","short":"Software that matches two people directly and locks the coins being exchanged, plus both sides' security deposits, in a multisig escrow, so neither can take them alone. A defined dispute process decides the payout if they disagree.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#escrowed-p2p-exchange","aliases":["P2P exchange","peer-to-peer exchange","escrowed peer-to-peer exchange"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"exchange-models-custody-identity-escrow","title":"Who Holds the Coins Mid-Trade? CEX, DEX and Escrowed P2P","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/exchange-models-custody-identity-escrow"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["multisig","non-custodial","kyc"],"sources":["https://docs.haveno.exchange/overview/trade-protocol/","https://docs.bisq.network/trading-rules.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Event (Nostr)","slug":"nostr-event","short":"The only object type in Nostr: a JSON record with id, pubkey, creation time, kind, tags, content and signature. The id is a hash of the serialised event and the signature covers it, so anyone can verify who signed.","pillar":"nostr","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#nostr-event","aliases":["Nostr event"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line","title":"A Docs MCP Can Read the Whole Protocol. The Line to Watch Is Signing","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line"},{"slug":"nostr-deletion-request-is-not-erasure","title":"A Deletion Request Is Not Erasure: What Nostr Kind 5, Kind 62 and Expiration Actually Do","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-deletion-request-is-not-erasure"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["nip-01","schnorr-signature","nostr-relay"],"sources":["https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/01.md","https://nostrbook.dev/protocol/event.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G4"},{"term":"Extended public key (xpub)","slug":"xpub","short":"A public key plus a chain code (BIP 32). Shared, it reveals every past and future address in its subtree; with one leaked non-hardened child private key, it gives up the parent private key.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#xpub","aliases":["extended public key"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key","title":"An xpub Is Not a Public Key: What Sharing an Extended Public Key Actually Exposes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["bip-32","hardened-derivation","watch-only-wallet","output-descriptor"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"FCMP++","slug":"fcmp-plus-plus","short":"A proposed Monero upgrade that would replace rings with full-chain membership proofs, plus separate spend authorisation and linkability so double spends stay impossible. It aims to widen sender ambiguity from 16 candidates to the whole chain.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#fcmp-plus-plus","aliases":["FCMP plus plus"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs","title":"From Rings of 16 to the Whole Chain: What FCMP++ Changes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs"},{"slug":"anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size","title":"An Anonymity Set Is Not a Ring Size","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["full-chain-membership-proof","carrot","key-image"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/2024/04/27/fcmps.html","https://github.com/jeffro256/carrot/blob/master/carrot.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Fee rate (sat/vB)","slug":"fee-rate","short":"What a transaction pays per unit of size, in satoshis per virtual byte (sat/vB), where witness data counts at a quarter weight. Fee levels on the metrics page are mempool.space's estimates, not a promise of confirmation time.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#fee-rate","aliases":["sat/vB","sats per vbyte","feerate"],"relatedNotes":[],"relatedPages":["/metrics#method"],"seeAlso":["mempool","utxo"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0141.mediawiki","https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/transactions.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Frontend (vs protocol)","slug":"frontend","short":"The website or app that reads on-chain data and builds transactions for a wallet to sign. The protocol is the deployed contracts that enforce the rules; whoever controls the frontend's code, hosting or domain can change what it prepares.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#frontend","aliases":["front end","web frontend","dapp frontend"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"frontend-is-not-the-protocol","title":"The Website Is Not the Contract: Who You Trust Before You Sign","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/frontend-is-not-the-protocol"},{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["phishing-domain","ipfs-hosted-frontend","dex"],"sources":["https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/smart-contracts/","https://ethereum.org/en/security/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Full-chain membership proof","slug":"full-chain-membership-proof","short":"A zero-knowledge proof that a spent output is one of all the outputs on the ledger, rather than one of a short named ring. It aims to make sender ambiguity ledger-wide.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#full-chain-membership-proof","aliases":["FCMP","full chain membership proof"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs","title":"From Rings of 16 to the Whole Chain: What FCMP++ Changes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs"},{"slug":"anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size","title":"An Anonymity Set Is Not a Ring Size","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["fcmp-plus-plus","ring-size","anonymity-set"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/2024/04/27/fcmps.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Full node","slug":"full-node","short":"Software that downloads every block and transaction and checks them against Bitcoin's rules itself. A wallet querying your own node tells nobody outside which addresses are yours, but that alone does not hide your IP when broadcasting.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#full-node","aliases":["Bitcoin full node","validating node"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"network-privacy-node-tor-i2p","title":"On-Chain Privacy Is Not Network Privacy: Node Choice, Tor, and I2P","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/network-privacy-node-tor-i2p"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["bitcoin-core","mempool","silent-payments"],"sources":["https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/operating_modes.html","https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0157.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"GGUF","slug":"gguf","short":"A binary file format for storing models for inference with GGML-based runtimes such as llama.cpp. It packs tensors with metadata such as licence and base model, which are labels set by the packager, not proof of terms or correctness.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#gguf","aliases":["GGUF file",".gguf"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"oss-ai-2026-09-21-gguf-embedded-alignment","title":"Successful Load Is Not Proof: Embedded GGUF Alignment and Wrong Tensors","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/oss-ai-2026-09-21-gguf-embedded-alignment"},{"slug":"open-weights-is-not-open-source","title":"Open Weights Is Not Open Source: What a Model Licence Actually Lets You Do","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/open-weights-is-not-open-source"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["llama-cpp","quantisation","model-weights"],"sources":["https://github.com/ggml-org/ggml/blob/master/docs/gguf.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Gift wrap, NIP-59","slug":"gift-wrap-nip-59","short":"The outer Nostr event (kind 1059) in NIP-17 private messages, signed by a random one-time key. It hides the sender, real timestamp and message type, but its p tag still names the recipient.","pillar":"nostr","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#gift-wrap-nip-59","aliases":["gift wrap","kind 1059","NIP-59"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"nostr-gift-wrap-hides-the-sender-not-the-envelope","title":"A Gift Wrap Hides the Sender, Not the Envelope: What NIP-17 Private Messages Still Leak","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-gift-wrap-hides-the-sender-not-the-envelope"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["seal","nip-17","nip-44","metadata"],"sources":["https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/59.md","https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/17.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G4"},{"term":"Hardened derivation","slug":"hardened-derivation","short":"BIP 32 child keys at index 2^31 or above, written 0' or 0h. Deriving them needs the parent private key, so an xpub cannot. Hardened account levels keep a leaked account key from exposing the master or other accounts.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#hardened-derivation","aliases":["hardened key","hardened child"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key","title":"An xpub Is Not a Public Key: What Sharing an Extended Public Key Actually Exposes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["bip-32","derivation-path","xpub"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0032.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Hardware wallet","slug":"hardware-wallet","short":"A dedicated device that holds private keys and signs transactions, showing destination and amount on its own screen, which the host computer cannot rewrite. It cannot stop you approving a wrong address you pasted.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#hardware-wallet","aliases":["signing device","hardware signer"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing","title":"PSBT and Air-Gapped Signing: Keep Keys Offline While the Network Watches","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing"},{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"},{"slug":"self-custody-a-signature-is-not-proof-of-funds","title":"A Signature Is Not Proof of Funds: What BIP 322 Message Signing Can and Cannot Show","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-a-signature-is-not-proof-of-funds"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["air-gapped-signing","psbt","self-custody"],"sources":["https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/wallets.html","https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/external-signer.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Hashrate","slug":"hashrate","short":"An estimate of the total hashing work miners do per second to find valid blocks. Nobody measures it directly: it is worked out from difficulty and block times, so short-term figures are noisy and differ between sources.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#hashrate","aliases":["hash rate","network hashrate"],"relatedNotes":[],"relatedPages":["/metrics#method"],"seeAlso":["difficulty-adjustment","mempool"],"sources":["https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/block_chain.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"HTLC","slug":"htlc","short":"Hashed time-locked contract: a conditional Lightning payment the recipient claims by revealing the preimage, or the payer reclaims after a timeout. Every hop holds one locked to the same hash, so settling passes the preimage back through each.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#htlc","aliases":["hashed time-locked contract","hashed timelock contract"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-preimage-is-not-a-receipt","title":"A Preimage Is Not a Receipt: What a Settled Lightning Payment Actually Proves","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-preimage-is-not-a-receipt"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["preimage","payment-hash","payment-channel"],"sources":["https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/00-introduction.md","https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/02-peer-protocol.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"I2P","slug":"i2p","short":"A separate anonymous overlay network built around services hosted inside it. Unlike Tor, the receiver of an inbound I2P connection sees the initiator's I2P address, so some software uses fresh temporary addresses for outbound connections.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#i2p","aliases":["Invisible Internet Project"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"network-privacy-node-tor-i2p","title":"On-Chain Privacy Is Not Network Privacy: Node Choice, Tor, and I2P","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/network-privacy-node-tor-i2p"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["tor","unlinkability"],"sources":["https://i2p.net/en/docs/overview/intro/","https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/i2p.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Immutable data","slug":"immutable-data","short":"Data that cannot be changed or deleted once stored. On Autonomi all stored content is permanent by design, which is what lets storage be paid for once; a new version is a new upload at new addresses.","pillar":"autonomi","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#immutable-data","aliases":["immutable storage","permanent data"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"autonomi-immutable-chunks-public-private","title":"Autonomi Stores Immutable Chunks — Public Address vs Private DataMap","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-immutable-chunks-public-private"},{"slug":"autonomi-pay-once-upload-not-subscription","title":"Pay-Once Is Not a Subscription: Autonomi Upload Payment vs Retrieval","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-pay-once-upload-not-subscription"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["chunk","pay-once-storage","public-vs-private-upload"],"sources":["https://docs.autonomi.com/how-it-works/data-types","https://docs.autonomi.com/how-it-works/network-economics/key-properties"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Inbound liquidity","slug":"inbound-liquidity","short":"How much a Lightning channel can still accept from the network. A channel you open and fund starts with all its capacity on your side, so you can send but cannot receive until balance moves toward your peer.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#inbound-liquidity","aliases":["inbound capacity","remote liquidity"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-receive-only-tips","title":"Receive-Only Lightning Is Not a Merchant Stack","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-receive-only-tips"},{"slug":"lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only","title":"A BOLT-12 Offer Is Not a Reusable Invoice","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["payment-channel","receive-only"],"sources":["https://docs.lightning.engineering/lightning-network-tools/lightning-terminal/channel-liquidity","https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/00-introduction.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Inference residency","slug":"inference-residency","short":"Keeping a model's prompts and outputs on hardware you control. It is not action residency: once tools, web search or MCP servers are connected, what the model does can reach beyond that machine.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#inference-residency","aliases":["action residency","inference residency vs action residency"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary","title":"Inference Residency Is Not Action Residency: Tools, MCP, and Local LLMs","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["local-inference","tool-calling","mcp","trust-boundary"],"sources":["https://docs.ollama.com/capabilities/tool-calling","https://docs.ollama.com/capabilities/web-search","https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-11-25"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Invoice (BOLT 11)","slug":"bolt-11-invoice","short":"A signed, time-limited Lightning payment request, starting lnbc on mainnet, carrying a payment hash, payment secret, optional amount and expiry. It is meant to be paid once, not reused like an address.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#bolt-11-invoice","aliases":["BOLT 11","BOLT11","Lightning invoice"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-receive-only-tips","title":"Receive-Only Lightning Is Not a Merchant Stack","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-receive-only-tips"},{"slug":"lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only","title":"A BOLT-12 Offer Is Not a Reusable Invoice","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["payment-hash","lnurl-pay","bolt-12-offer"],"sources":["https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/11-payment-encoding.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"IPFS-hosted frontend","slug":"ipfs-hosted-frontend","short":"A website published as content-addressed files on IPFS and fetched by a CID derived from a hash of its content. Anyone can check the files are unchanged, not that the code is honest; gateways and DNSLink bring trust back in.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#ipfs-hosted-frontend","aliases":["IPFS frontend","IPFS-hosted website"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"frontend-is-not-the-protocol","title":"The Website Is Not the Contract: Who You Trust Before You Sign","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/frontend-is-not-the-protocol"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["frontend","phishing-domain"],"sources":["https://docs.ipfs.tech/concepts/content-addressing/","https://docs.ipfs.tech/reference/http/gateway/","https://docs.ipfs.tech/concepts/dnslink/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Janus attack","slug":"janus-attack","short":"An active probe on Monero subaddresses: a sender crafts an output mixing keys from two subaddresses and, if the recipient confirms receipt, learns both belong to one wallet. It cannot steal funds; Carrot lets recipients recognise such outputs.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#janus-attack","aliases":["Janus"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-subaddress-is-not-a-separate-identity","title":"A Subaddress Is Not a Separate Identity: Janus Outputs, Sweeps, and the Seed Boundary","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-subaddress-is-not-a-separate-identity"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["subaddress","carrot","unlinkability"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/2019/10/18/subaddress-janus.html","https://github.com/jeffro256/carrot/blob/master/carrot.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Key image","slug":"key-image","short":"A value from a Monero output's one-time private key, published when it is spent so the network can reject double-spends without learning which output it was. A view-only wallet needs them imported to show a correct balance.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#key-image","aliases":["private key image"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure","title":"A View Key Is Not a Transparent Chain","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["view-only-wallet","ring-signature","nullifier"],"sources":["https://docs.getmonero.org/cryptography/asymmetric/key-image/","https://docs.getmonero.org/cold-storage/offline-transaction-signing/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"KYC (know your customer)","slug":"kyc","short":"The everyday name for customer due diligence: identity checks a regulated financial business runs on customers before and during a relationship, under national law built on the FATF standards, plus records it keeps after the relationship ends.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#kyc","aliases":["know your customer","customer due diligence","CDD"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"exchange-models-custody-identity-escrow","title":"Who Holds the Coins Mid-Trade? CEX, DEX and Escrowed P2P","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/exchange-models-custody-identity-escrow"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["cex","metadata","threat-model"],"sources":["https://www.fatf-gafi.org/en/publications/Fatfrecommendations/Fatf-recommendations.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Lightning Address","slug":"lightning-address","short":"A user@domain name for receiving Lightning payments (LUD-16). For every payment the wallet asks that domain's web server for a fresh invoice, so the server operator chooses which node is paid and learns about each lookup.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#lightning-address","aliases":["LUD-16","LUD16"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-address-is-a-pointer-not-a-key","title":"A Name Is a Pointer, Not a Key: What Lightning Addresses and ₿-Names Actually Trust","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-address-is-a-pointer-not-a-key"},{"slug":"lightning-receive-only-tips","title":"Receive-Only Lightning Is Not a Merchant Stack","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-receive-only-tips"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["lnurl-pay","bip-353","custodial-wallet"],"sources":["https://github.com/lnurl/luds/blob/luds/16.md","https://github.com/lnurl/luds/blob/luds/06.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Lightning Network","slug":"lightning-network","short":"A network of payment channels that moves bitcoin off-chain by cooperation between peers, with the Bitcoin blockchain enforcing outcomes when they disagree. It offers fast conditional payments with proof-of-payment preimages, not privacy by default.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#lightning-network","aliases":["Lightning","LN"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-receive-only-tips","title":"Receive-Only Lightning Is Not a Merchant Stack","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-receive-only-tips"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["payment-channel","htlc","preimage"],"sources":["https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/00-introduction.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"llama.cpp","slug":"llama-cpp","short":"An open-source C/C++ project for running language models locally on CPUs and GPUs with minimal setup. It loads GGUF files and includes a local HTTP server, llama-server, that binds to loopback by default.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#llama-cpp","aliases":["llama-server","llamacpp"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"decentralized-local-ai","title":"Local and Peer-to-Peer AI: Data Residency Without the Hype","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/decentralized-local-ai"},{"slug":"local-is-not-private-who-can-reach-your-model","title":"Local Is Not Private: Who Else Can Reach Your Model Server","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-is-not-private-who-can-reach-your-model"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["gguf","ollama","bind-address"],"sources":["https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp","https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/tools/server/README.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"LNURL-pay","slug":"lnurl-pay","short":"A protocol (LUD-06) where a static link or QR code points to a web service that mints a fresh BOLT 11 invoice for each payment. That HTTPS or Onion host joins the trust path and can refuse or go dark.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#lnurl-pay","aliases":["LUD-06","payRequest"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-receive-only-tips","title":"Receive-Only Lightning Is Not a Merchant Stack","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-receive-only-tips"},{"slug":"lightning-address-is-a-pointer-not-a-key","title":"A Name Is a Pointer, Not a Key: What Lightning Addresses and ₿-Names Actually Trust","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-address-is-a-pointer-not-a-key"},{"slug":"lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only","title":"A BOLT-12 Offer Is Not a Reusable Invoice","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["bolt-11-invoice","lightning-address","receive-only"],"sources":["https://github.com/lnurl/luds/blob/luds/06.md","https://github.com/lnurl/luds/blob/luds/01.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Local inference","slug":"local-inference","short":"Running a model on hardware you control, with its weights loaded into a runtime on that machine or network, so prompts need not leave it. It removes provider exposure, not device risk: malware, disk access and tools still apply.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#local-inference","aliases":["on-device inference","local AI"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"decentralized-local-ai","title":"Local and Peer-to-Peer AI: Data Residency Without the Hype","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/decentralized-local-ai"},{"slug":"local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary","title":"Inference Residency Is Not Action Residency: Tools, MCP, and Local LLMs","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["inference-residency","model-weights","llama-cpp","ollama"],"sources":["https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp","https://docs.ollama.com"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"MCP (Model Context Protocol)","slug":"mcp","short":"An open protocol connecting AI hosts to servers that expose tools, resources and prompts. 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There is no single shared mempool; the metrics page shows mempool.space's view of upcoming blocks, not every node's.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#mempool","aliases":["memory pool","mempool.space"],"relatedNotes":[],"relatedPages":["/metrics#method"],"seeAlso":["fee-rate","full-node","utxo"],"sources":["https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/p2p_network.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Message signing (BIP 322)","slug":"message-signing","short":"Signing text for a Bitcoin address; BIP 322 extends it to multisig, Taproot and other scripts. A valid signature shows someone could satisfy that address's script for that text, then. It proves no identity, current control, holdings or past payment.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#message-signing","aliases":["BIP 322","BIP322","message signing","generic signed message format","signed message","sign message"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-a-signature-is-not-proof-of-funds","title":"A Signature Is Not Proof of Funds: What BIP 322 Message Signing Can and Cannot Show","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-a-signature-is-not-proof-of-funds"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["bip-137","proof-of-funds","psbt"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0322.mediawiki","https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0137.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Metadata","slug":"metadata","short":"Information around a message or payment rather than its content: who connected, from which IP address, when, how much and how often. 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It is the publisher's structured claim, useful for checking a file against, not proof that a file is safe.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#model-card","aliases":[],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"decentralized-local-ai","title":"Local and Peer-to-Peer AI: Data Residency Without the Hype","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/decentralized-local-ai"},{"slug":"open-weights-is-not-open-source","title":"Open Weights Is Not Open Source: What a Model Licence Actually Lets You Do","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/open-weights-is-not-open-source"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["open-weights","model-weights","gguf"],"sources":["https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/en/model-cards"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Model weights","slug":"model-weights","short":"The learned parameters of a trained model, stored as files a runtime loads to generate output. A hash shows exactly which file you run, but not what the model was trained on or whether it behaves as described.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#model-weights","aliases":["weights","model parameters"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"open-weights-is-not-open-source","title":"Open Weights Is Not Open Source: What a Model Licence Actually Lets You Do","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/open-weights-is-not-open-source"},{"slug":"decentralized-local-ai","title":"Local and Peer-to-Peer AI: Data Residency Without the Hype","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/decentralized-local-ai"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["open-weights","gguf","quantisation"],"sources":["https://github.com/ggml-org/ggml/blob/master/docs/gguf.md","https://opensource.org/ai/open-source-ai-definition"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Monero","slug":"monero","short":"A cryptocurrency whose ledger hides recipients and amounts by default and gives senders probabilistic cover, using stealth addresses, RingCT and ring signatures. Holders can disclose chosen details with view keys or payment proofs; network privacy is separate.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#monero","aliases":[],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-class-privacy","title":"What Transparent Ledgers Leak — and Why On-Chain Privacy Matters","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-class-privacy"},{"slug":"network-privacy-node-tor-i2p","title":"On-Chain Privacy Is Not Network Privacy: Node Choice, Tor, and I2P","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/network-privacy-node-tor-i2p"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["ring-signature","stealth-address","ringct","selective-disclosure"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/get-started/what-is-monero/index.html","https://docs.getmonero.org/technical-specs/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Multisig","slug":"multisig","short":"A script needing signatures from a set number of keys in a group, such as 2 of 3. 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It aids discovery but fails quietly when lists go stale.","pillar":"nostr","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#outbox-model","aliases":["NIP-65","outbox/inbox model","inbox model"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"nostr-nip65-outbox-relay-lists","title":"NIP-65: Relay Lists, Outbox, and Inbox — Routing Beyond One Home Relay","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-nip65-outbox-relay-lists"},{"slug":"nostr-stale-lists-dark-outboxes","title":"Stale Lists and Dark Outboxes: When NIP-65 Metadata Lies by Age or Uptime","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-stale-lists-dark-outboxes"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["relay-list","nostr-relay","nip-11"],"sources":["https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/65.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G4"},{"term":"Non-custodial","slug":"non-custodial","short":"A property of a wallet, app or protocol: its operator never holds users' keys, so it cannot move or freeze their funds. It describes the software, not the user's setup, and a non-custodial extension can still be a phishing target.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#non-custodial","aliases":["noncustodial"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"},{"slug":"lightning-receive-only-tips","title":"Receive-Only Lightning Is Not a Merchant Stack","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-receive-only-tips"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["self-custody","custodial-wallet","phishing-domain"],"sources":["https://bitcoin.org/en/secure-your-wallet"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Nostr","slug":"nostr","short":"An open protocol where each user is a keypair and every post, profile or list is an event signed by that key. Relays store and forward events; no server holds the account or can reset a key.","pillar":"nostr","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#nostr","aliases":[],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"nostr-nsec-is-your-account-signers","title":"Your nsec Is Not a Password: Nostr Key Handling and Signers","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-nsec-is-your-account-signers"},{"slug":"nostr-nip65-outbox-relay-lists","title":"NIP-65: Relay Lists, Outbox, and Inbox — Routing Beyond One Home Relay","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-nip65-outbox-relay-lists"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["nostr-event","nostr-relay","nsec"],"sources":["https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/01.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G4"},{"term":"npub","slug":"npub","short":"The bech32 text form of a Nostr public key, starting npub (NIP-19). It is safe to share and is meant for display and input only; inside events and filters, keys stay in hex.","pillar":"nostr","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#npub","aliases":["bech32 public key"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line","title":"A Docs MCP Can Read the Whole Protocol. The Line to Watch Is Signing","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line"},{"slug":"nostr-nsec-is-your-account-signers","title":"Your nsec Is Not a Password: Nostr Key Handling and Signers","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-nsec-is-your-account-signers"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["nsec","nip-19"],"sources":["https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/19.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G4"},{"term":"nsec","slug":"nsec","short":"The bech32 text form of a Nostr private key (NIP-19). It is the account itself, not a password: there is no reset or recovery, and anyone who copies it can sign as you indefinitely.","pillar":"nostr","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#nsec","aliases":["Nostr private key"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line","title":"A Docs MCP Can Read the Whole Protocol. The Line to Watch Is Signing","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line"},{"slug":"nostr-nsec-is-your-account-signers","title":"Your nsec Is Not a Password: Nostr Key Handling and Signers","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-nsec-is-your-account-signers"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["npub","remote-signer","ncryptsec"],"sources":["https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/19.md","https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/01.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G4"},{"term":"Nullifier","slug":"nullifier","short":"In Zcash shielded pools, a tag published when a note is spent, derived from the note and its owner's key. It stops the same note being spent twice, while outsiders cannot link the nullifier to the note.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#nullifier","aliases":[],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size","title":"An Anonymity Set Is Not a Ring Size","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["key-image","anonymity-set"],"sources":["https://zips.z.cash/zip-0224"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Ollama","slug":"ollama","short":"A tool for downloading and running models locally behind an HTTP API, which by default listens on 127.0.0.1 port 11434 without authentication. Prompts can still leave the machine if web search, cloud models or tools are enabled.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#ollama","aliases":[],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"local-is-not-private-who-can-reach-your-model","title":"Local Is Not Private: Who Else Can Reach Your Model Server","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-is-not-private-who-can-reach-your-model"},{"slug":"local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary","title":"Inference Residency Is Not Action Residency: Tools, MCP, and Local LLMs","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["llama-cpp","bind-address","tool-calling"],"sources":["https://github.com/ollama/ollama","https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/faq.mdx"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Onion message","slug":"onion-message","short":"A Lightning message sent in onion-encrypted form over existing peer connections, tied to no channel or payment, and dropped silently if lost. BOLT 12 uses it to request a fresh invoice, so the recipient must be online.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#onion-message","aliases":["onion messages","onion messaging"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only","title":"A BOLT-12 Offer Is Not a Reusable Invoice","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["bolt-12-offer","blinded-path"],"sources":["https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/04-onion-routing.md","https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/12-offer-encoding.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Open-source AI (OSAID)","slug":"open-source-ai","short":"Under the Open Source Initiative's Open Source AI Definition, an AI system offered with freedoms to use, study, modify and share it, plus the preferred form to modify it: data information, complete code and the parameters.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#open-source-ai","aliases":["OSAID","Open Source AI Definition"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"open-weights-is-not-open-source","title":"Open Weights Is Not Open Source: What a Model Licence Actually Lets You Do","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/open-weights-is-not-open-source"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["open-weights","model-weights","model-card"],"sources":["https://opensource.org/ai/open-source-ai-definition","https://opensource.org/osd"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Open weights","slug":"open-weights","short":"A release whose trained parameters can be downloaded and run. On its own it says nothing about licence freedoms or training data; many open-weight licences restrict use, so open weights is not the same as open source.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#open-weights","aliases":["open-weight model","open-weight"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"open-weights-is-not-open-source","title":"Open Weights Is Not Open Source: What a Model Licence Actually Lets You Do","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/open-weights-is-not-open-source"},{"slug":"decentralized-local-ai","title":"Local and Peer-to-Peer AI: Data Residency Without the Hype","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/decentralized-local-ai"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["open-source-ai","model-weights","model-card"],"sources":["https://opensource.org/ai/open-source-ai-definition","https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/en/repositories-licenses"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"OSPEAD","slug":"ospead","short":"A Monero research project that estimates how old real spends tend to be from on-chain ring data, to test how well decoy selection hides them. Its preliminary, not yet peer-reviewed results suggest age still helps an observer guess.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#ospead","aliases":[],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size","title":"An Anonymity Set Is Not a Ring Size","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["decoy","ring-size","anonymity-set"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/2025/04/05/ospead-optimal-ring-signature-research.html","https://github.com/Rucknium/OSPEAD"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Output descriptor","slug":"output-descriptor","short":"A text string (BIP 380) naming a wallet's script type, keys or xpubs, derivation steps and optionally a checksum, so different software derives the same addresses. It backs up the wallet definition a seed phrase leaves out.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#output-descriptor","aliases":["descriptor","output script descriptor","BIP 380"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380","title":"A Seed Phrase Is Not a Wallet Definition: BIP 380 Output Descriptors","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380"},{"slug":"seed-backup-is-not-recovery","title":"A Backup Is Not a Recovery: Seed Phrases, Passphrases, and the Restore You Haven't Tested","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/seed-backup-is-not-recovery"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["seed-phrase","watch-only-wallet","derivation-path","multisig"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0380.mediawiki","https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/descriptors.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Pay-once storage","slug":"pay-once-storage","short":"Autonomi's payment model: one payment when content is written, with no recurring storage charge and no fee to read. Each new version is a new payment. Paying never grants access; private content still needs its Data Map.","pillar":"autonomi","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#pay-once-storage","aliases":["pay once on upload","pay-once model"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"autonomi-self-encryption-datamap","title":"Autonomi Without the Data Map Is Just Scattered Ciphertext","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-self-encryption-datamap"},{"slug":"autonomi-pay-once-upload-not-subscription","title":"Pay-Once Is Not a Subscription: Autonomi Upload Payment vs Retrieval","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-pay-once-upload-not-subscription"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["autonomi-network-token","immutable-data","data-map"],"sources":["https://docs.autonomi.com/developers/core-concepts/payment-model","https://docs.autonomi.com/how-it-works/network-economics/key-properties"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Payer proof","slug":"payer-proof","short":"A BOLT 12 proof, starting lnp, that pairs a paid invoice's preimage with a signature from the temporary payer key used to request it. It shows whoever holds that key requested and paid, not who they are; support varies.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#payer-proof","aliases":["payer proofs","lnp"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-preimage-is-not-a-receipt","title":"A Preimage Is Not a Receipt: What a Settled Lightning Payment Actually Proves","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-preimage-is-not-a-receipt"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["preimage","bolt-12-offer","message-signing"],"sources":["https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/12-offer-encoding.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Payment channel","slug":"payment-channel","short":"Bitcoin locked between two Lightning peers so both signatures are needed to spend it. They update balances off-chain by exchanging new commitment transactions, and the channel's capacity splits into what each side can still send.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#payment-channel","aliases":["Lightning channel","channel capacity"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-receive-only-tips","title":"Receive-Only Lightning Is Not a Merchant Stack","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-receive-only-tips"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["inbound-liquidity","lightning-network","htlc"],"sources":["https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/00-introduction.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Payment hash","slug":"payment-hash","short":"The SHA-256 hash of a Lightning payment's secret preimage, set in the invoice and locking every HTLC on the route. Each payment needs a fresh one, because nodes that saw the preimage could settle a reused hash.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#payment-hash","aliases":["payment_hash"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-preimage-is-not-a-receipt","title":"A Preimage Is Not a Receipt: What a Settled Lightning Payment Actually Proves","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-preimage-is-not-a-receipt"},{"slug":"lightning-receive-only-tips","title":"Receive-Only Lightning Is Not a Merchant Stack","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-receive-only-tips"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["preimage","htlc","bolt-11-invoice"],"sources":["https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/11-payment-encoding.md","https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/00-introduction.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Payment proof","slug":"payment-proof","short":"A Monero receipt showing that one transaction sent an amount to one address, checked with the transaction key or a signed InProof or OutProof. It opens nothing else and does not prove the funds are still spendable.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#payment-proof","aliases":["OutProof","InProof","transaction proof","tx proof"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"payment-proof-is-not-a-view-key","title":"A Payment Proof Is Not a View Key: What a Monero tx_key Actually Proves","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/payment-proof-is-not-a-view-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["transaction-key","spendproof","selective-disclosure"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/user-guides/prove-payment.html","https://docs.getmonero.org/rpc-library/wallet-rpc/","https://docs.getmonero.org/interacting/monero-wallet-cli-reference/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Post-quantum cryptography","slug":"post-quantum-cryptography","short":"Public-key algorithms designed to resist attack by large quantum computers, such as ML-KEM (FIPS 203) for key encapsulation and ML-DSA (FIPS 204) for signatures. It protects the layers that use it, not a whole system.","pillar":"autonomi","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#post-quantum-cryptography","aliases":["PQC","post-quantum","quantum-resistant cryptography"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"autonomi-post-quantum-is-a-layer-not-a-blanket","title":"Post-Quantum Is a Layer, Not a Blanket: What Autonomi's PQC Actually Covers","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-post-quantum-is-a-layer-not-a-blanket"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["autonomi","self-encryption"],"sources":["https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/203/final","https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/fips/204/final","https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/ir/8547/final","https://docs.autonomi.com/developers/core-concepts/post-quantum-cryptography"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Preimage","slug":"preimage","short":"The secret whose hash is a Lightning payment hash. Releasing it settles the HTLC, so holding it shows that payment settled. It does not show who paid, and it stops being secret once released.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#preimage","aliases":["payment preimage"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-preimage-is-not-a-receipt","title":"A Preimage Is Not a Receipt: What a Settled Lightning Payment Actually Proves","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-preimage-is-not-a-receipt"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["payment-hash","htlc","payer-proof"],"sources":["https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/11-payment-encoding.md","https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/02-peer-protocol.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Private spend key","slug":"private-spend-key","short":"The Monero key that authorises spending; in the official wallet it is another form of the 25-word seed. Whoever holds it controls the funds, unlike the private view key, which only recognises incoming payments.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#private-spend-key","aliases":["spend key"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure","title":"A View Key Is Not a Transparent Chain","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure"},{"slug":"payment-proof-is-not-a-view-key","title":"A Payment Proof Is Not a View Key: What a Monero tx_key Actually Proves","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/payment-proof-is-not-a-view-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["private-view-key","view-only-wallet","seed-phrase"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/spendkey.html","https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/account.html","https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/mnemonicseed.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Private view key","slug":"private-view-key","short":"A Monero key that lets its holder recognise incoming outputs to an account. It grants no spend authority, and alone cannot reliably show outgoing spends, so a view-key balance needs imported key images before you trust it.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#private-view-key","aliases":["view key","viewkey"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure","title":"A View Key Is Not a Transparent Chain","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["private-spend-key","view-only-wallet","key-image","selective-disclosure"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/viewkey.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Prompt injection","slug":"prompt-injection","short":"Input that changes a model's behaviour in ways its operator did not intend. It often arrives indirectly, through a web page, document, tool result or message the model reads, and running the model locally does not make it immune.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#prompt-injection","aliases":["indirect prompt injection"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary","title":"Inference Residency Is Not Action Residency: Tools, MCP, and Local LLMs","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary"},{"slug":"local-rag-embeddings-residency","title":"Local Chat Is Not Data Residency: RAG, Embeddings, and Vector Stores","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-rag-embeddings-residency"},{"slug":"nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line","title":"A Docs MCP Can Read the Whole Protocol. The Line to Watch Is Signing","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["tool-calling","rag","ai-agent"],"sources":["https://genai.owasp.org/llmrisk/llm01-prompt-injection/","https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/2025-11-25/tutorials/security/security_best_practices"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Proof of funds","slug":"proof-of-funds","short":"BIP 322's pof variant: a message signature that also signs for UTXOs the signer picks. A plain signature proves no holdings. Pof shows funds only once a verifier checks those UTXOs are unspent, and never shows there are no others.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#proof-of-funds","aliases":["pof","BIP 322 proof of funds"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-a-signature-is-not-proof-of-funds","title":"A Signature Is Not Proof of Funds: What BIP 322 Message Signing Can and Cannot Show","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-a-signature-is-not-proof-of-funds"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["message-signing","bip-137"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0322.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"PSBT","slug":"psbt","short":"Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction (BIP 174): a format carrying what a signer needs, so an online watch-only wallet builds the transaction and an offline device signs it without its keys touching the network.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#psbt","aliases":["partially signed bitcoin transaction","BIP 174"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing","title":"PSBT and Air-Gapped Signing: Keep Keys Offline While the Network Watches","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["watch-only-wallet","air-gapped-signing","hardware-wallet"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0174.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Public vs private upload","slug":"public-vs-private-upload","short":"Two ways to make Autonomi chunks retrievable. A public upload stores the Data Map on the network, so anyone with its address can rebuild the content; a private upload leaves it with the uploader, and losing it loses access.","pillar":"autonomi","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#public-vs-private-upload","aliases":["public upload","private upload"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"autonomi-post-quantum-is-a-layer-not-a-blanket","title":"Post-Quantum Is a Layer, Not a Blanket: What Autonomi's PQC Actually Covers","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-post-quantum-is-a-layer-not-a-blanket"},{"slug":"autonomi-immutable-chunks-public-private","title":"Autonomi Stores Immutable Chunks — Public Address vs Private DataMap","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-immutable-chunks-public-private"},{"slug":"autonomi-self-encryption-datamap","title":"Autonomi Without the Data Map Is Just Scattered Ciphertext","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-self-encryption-datamap"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["data-map","chunk","immutable-data"],"sources":["https://docs.autonomi.com/developers/core-concepts/keys-addresses-and-datamaps","https://docs.autonomi.com/developers/core-concepts/data-types"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Quantisation","slug":"quantisation","short":"Storing a model's weights at lower numeric precision so it needs less memory and can run faster on modest hardware. It can cost some accuracy, and a quantised file is a different artefact, with its own hash.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#quantisation","aliases":["quantization","quantised model","quant"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"decentralized-local-ai","title":"Local and Peer-to-Peer AI: Data Residency Without the Hype","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/decentralized-local-ai"},{"slug":"local-rag-embeddings-residency","title":"Local Chat Is Not Data Residency: RAG, Embeddings, and Vector Stores","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-rag-embeddings-residency"},{"slug":"oss-ai-2026-11-09-speaker-label-is-not-identity","title":"A Speaker Label Is Not an Identity: Offline Transcription Arrives in llama.cpp v0.9.0","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/oss-ai-2026-11-09-speaker-label-is-not-identity"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["gguf","model-weights","local-inference"],"sources":["https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/tools/quantize/README.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"RAG (retrieval-augmented generation)","slug":"rag","short":"A setup where a model answers using document chunks fetched from an index: text is split, embedded and stored, then retrieved for each query and placed in the prompt. Residency holds only if every step stays local.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#rag","aliases":["retrieval-augmented generation","retrieval augmented generation"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"local-rag-embeddings-residency","title":"Local Chat Is Not Data Residency: RAG, Embeddings, and Vector Stores","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-rag-embeddings-residency"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["embedding","vector-store","inference-residency"],"sources":["https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.11401","https://docs.ollama.com/capabilities/embeddings"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Receive-only","slug":"receive-only","short":"Using Lightning only to accept payments such as tips, without a merchant setup. It still needs a payable invoice, enough inbound liquidity and often a static entry point such as LNURL-pay or a BOLT 12 offer.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#receive-only","aliases":["receive-only Lightning","Lightning tips"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"lightning-receive-only-tips","title":"Receive-Only Lightning Is Not a Merchant Stack","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-receive-only-tips"},{"slug":"lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only","title":"A BOLT-12 Offer Is Not a Reusable Invoice","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/lightning-bolt12-offers-receive-only"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["inbound-liquidity","lnurl-pay","bolt-12-offer"],"sources":["https://github.com/lightning/bolts/blob/master/11-payment-encoding.md","https://github.com/lnurl/luds/blob/luds/06.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Recovery test","slug":"recovery-test","short":"CryptoDecentral's term for a restore drill: rebuild the wallet on a clean device from its words, any passphrase and its script type or descriptor, then check the first receive address matches. A backup never restored is a hypothesis.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#recovery-test","aliases":["restore test","recovery drill"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"seed-backup-is-not-recovery","title":"A Backup Is Not a Recovery: Seed Phrases, Passphrases, and the Restore You Haven't Tested","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/seed-backup-is-not-recovery"},{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["seed-phrase","bip-39-passphrase","output-descriptor"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/managing-wallets.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Relay list (kind 10002)","slug":"relay-list","short":"A replaceable Nostr event, kind 10002, whose r tags name the relays a user generally writes to and reads mentions from. Only the latest version counts; it states preferences and does not prove those relays still work.","pillar":"nostr","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#relay-list","aliases":["kind 10002","kind:10002","relay list metadata"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"nostr-nip65-outbox-relay-lists","title":"NIP-65: Relay Lists, Outbox, and Inbox — Routing Beyond One Home Relay","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-nip65-outbox-relay-lists"},{"slug":"nostr-stale-lists-dark-outboxes","title":"Stale Lists and Dark Outboxes: When NIP-65 Metadata Lies by Age or Uptime","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-stale-lists-dark-outboxes"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["outbox-model","nostr-relay","nip-01"],"sources":["https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/65.md","https://nostrbook.dev/kinds/10002.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G4"},{"term":"Relay (Nostr)","slug":"nostr-relay","short":"A server that accepts, stores and serves Nostr events over a WebSocket. Each relay sets its own policy on what it keeps or refuses; it is a source, not an authority, and sees what clients ask for.","pillar":"nostr","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#nostr-relay","aliases":["Nostr relay"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"nostr-nip65-outbox-relay-lists","title":"NIP-65: Relay Lists, Outbox, and Inbox — Routing Beyond One Home Relay","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-nip65-outbox-relay-lists"},{"slug":"nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line","title":"A Docs MCP Can Read the Whole Protocol. The Line to Watch Is Signing","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line"},{"slug":"nostr-nip11","title":"NIP-11: How Nostr Relays Advertise What They Can Do","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-nip11"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["nostr-event","nip-11","relay-list"],"sources":["https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/01.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G4"},{"term":"Release signature","slug":"release-signature","short":"A cryptographic signature over a release file or its published checksum list, used to confirm a download is what its builders released. It helps only if the signing key is authentic; a bare checksum fails if an attacker swaps both.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#release-signature","aliases":["signed checksums","download verification","SHA256SUMS"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"}],"relatedPages":["/guides/verify-frontends"],"seeAlso":["reproducible-build","verify-before-trust"],"sources":["https://bitcoincore.org/en/download/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Remote node","slug":"remote-node","short":"A node on another machine that your wallet queries instead of your own. An open remote node's operator can link your queries and transactions to your IP address; a remote node you run yourself narrows who sees them.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#remote-node","aliases":["public node","open node"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"network-privacy-node-tor-i2p","title":"On-Chain Privacy Is Not Network Privacy: Node Choice, Tor, and I2P","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/network-privacy-node-tor-i2p"},{"slug":"threat-model-one-page","title":"A Threat Model Is Not a Fear List: Writing Yours on One Page","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/threat-model-one-page"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["full-node","tor","metadata"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/remote-node.html","https://github.com/monero-project/monero/blob/master/docs/ANONYMITY_NETWORKS.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Remote signer (NIP-46 bunker)","slug":"remote-signer","short":"A separate daemon or device that holds a Nostr key and answers signing requests from clients over relays (NIP-46), so apps never hold the key. Permissions can be scoped by kind; client-supplied names prove nothing.","pillar":"nostr","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#remote-signer","aliases":["bunker","NIP-46","Nostr remote signing","bunker://"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"nostr-nsec-is-your-account-signers","title":"Your nsec Is Not a Password: Nostr Key Handling and Signers","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-nsec-is-your-account-signers"},{"slug":"nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line","title":"A Docs MCP Can Read the Whole Protocol. The Line to Watch Is Signing","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["nsec","ncryptsec","nostr-event"],"sources":["https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/46.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G4"},{"term":"Reproducible build","slug":"reproducible-build","short":"Software built so anyone using the same source code, environment and instructions gets bit-for-bit identical files, letting independent rebuilds corroborate what distributors ship. It makes trust inspectable; it does not remove it.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#reproducible-build","aliases":["reproducible builds","deterministic build"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"}],"relatedPages":["/guides/verify-frontends"],"seeAlso":["release-signature","verify-before-trust"],"sources":["https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/definition/","https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/contrib/guix/README.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Ring signature","slug":"ring-signature","short":"A signature that any member of a group could have made. Each Monero spend is signed with a ring of its real output plus decoys, so observers cannot tell which was spent; the assurance is probabilistic, not certain.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#ring-signature","aliases":[],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-class-privacy","title":"What Transparent Ledgers Leak — and Why On-Chain Privacy Matters","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-class-privacy"},{"slug":"fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs","title":"From Rings of 16 to the Whole Chain: What FCMP++ Changes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["ring-size","decoy","key-image","anonymity-set"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/ringsignatures.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Ring size","slug":"ring-size","short":"The number of outputs in a Monero ring, fixed at 16 (the real output plus 15 decoys) since the August 2022 upgrade. It counts names on the list, not how many candidates an observer truly cannot tell apart.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#ring-size","aliases":["mixin"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size","title":"An Anonymity Set Is Not a Ring Size","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/anonymity-set-is-not-a-ring-size"},{"slug":"fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs","title":"From Rings of 16 to the Whole Chain: What FCMP++ Changes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/fcmp-full-chain-membership-proofs"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["ring-signature","decoy","anonymity-set"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/ring-size.html","https://www.getmonero.org/2022/04/20/network-upgrade-july-2022.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"RingCT","slug":"ringct","short":"Ring Confidential Transactions: Monero's way of hiding amounts while every node can still check that inputs and outputs balance and no coins were created. It has been mandatory for all Monero transactions since September 2017.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#ringct","aliases":["Ring Confidential Transactions","Ring CT"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-class-privacy","title":"What Transparent Ledgers Leak — and Why On-Chain Privacy Matters","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-class-privacy"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["ring-signature","monero"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/ringCT.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"RPC endpoint","slug":"rpc-endpoint","short":"The node address a wallet or website queries over JSON-RPC to read balances and contract state and to broadcast signed transactions. Whoever runs it sees those requests and can refuse them or give wrong answers.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#rpc-endpoint","aliases":["RPC node","JSON-RPC endpoint","RPC provider"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"frontend-is-not-the-protocol","title":"The Website Is Not the Contract: Who You Trust Before You Sign","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/frontend-is-not-the-protocol"},{"slug":"network-privacy-node-tor-i2p","title":"On-Chain Privacy Is Not Network Privacy: Node Choice, Tor, and I2P","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/network-privacy-node-tor-i2p"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["remote-node","full-node","transaction-simulation"],"sources":["https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/","https://ethereum.org/en/run-a-node/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Seal (kind 13)","slug":"seal","short":"The middle layer of a NIP-17 message: the unsigned message, NIP-44 encrypted to the recipient, inside an event signed by the sender's real key with empty tags. Once unwrapped, it shows who signed, not who it is for.","pillar":"nostr","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#seal","aliases":["kind 13","NIP-59 seal"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"nostr-gift-wrap-hides-the-sender-not-the-envelope","title":"A Gift Wrap Hides the Sender, Not the Envelope: What NIP-17 Private Messages Still Leak","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/nostr-gift-wrap-hides-the-sender-not-the-envelope"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["nip-17","gift-wrap-nip-59","nip-44"],"sources":["https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/59.md","https://nostrbook.dev/kinds/13.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G4"},{"term":"Seed phrase","slug":"seed-phrase","short":"A list of words, usually 12 to 24 (25 or 16 in Monero wallets), that encodes the secret a wallet's keys come from. It does not record a passphrase, script types, derivation paths, multisig setup or labels.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#seed-phrase","aliases":["mnemonic","mnemonic seed","recovery phrase","seed words"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"seed-backup-is-not-recovery","title":"A Backup Is Not a Recovery: Seed Phrases, Passphrases, and the Restore You Haven't Tested","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/seed-backup-is-not-recovery"},{"slug":"self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380","title":"A Seed Phrase Is Not a Wallet Definition: BIP 380 Output Descriptors","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["bip-39","bip-39-passphrase","output-descriptor","recovery-test"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki","https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/mnemonicseed.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Selective disclosure","slug":"selective-disclosure","short":"Revealing specific Monero activity to a chosen party while the ledger stays opaque to everyone else: a view key for ongoing incoming payments, or a payment proof for one transaction. It does not make the chain transparent.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#selective-disclosure","aliases":[],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure","title":"A View Key Is Not a Transparent Chain","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure"},{"slug":"payment-proof-is-not-a-view-key","title":"A Payment Proof Is Not a View Key: What a Monero tx_key Actually Proves","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/payment-proof-is-not-a-view-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["private-view-key","payment-proof","view-only-wallet"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/viewkey.html","https://www.getmonero.org/resources/user-guides/prove-payment.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Self-custody","slug":"self-custody","short":"In CryptoDecentral's usage: you, or a multisig policy you set up, control the private keys that can move the funds, so nobody else can move them alone. An exchange balance is an IOU. Keys are necessary, not sufficient.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#self-custody","aliases":["self custody","self-custodial"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"},{"slug":"seed-backup-is-not-recovery","title":"A Backup Is Not a Recovery: Seed Phrases, Passphrases, and the Restore You Haven't Tested","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/seed-backup-is-not-recovery"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["verify-before-trust","hardware-wallet","multisig"],"sources":["https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/transactions.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Self-encryption","slug":"self-encryption","short":"Autonomi's client-side step that splits content into chunks, compresses and encrypts each with a key from its own hash and the two previous chunks' hashes, and addresses it by the ciphertext's hash. It stores nothing itself.","pillar":"autonomi","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#self-encryption","aliases":["self-encrypting data"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"autonomi-self-encryption-datamap","title":"Autonomi Without the Data Map Is Just Scattered Ciphertext","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-self-encryption-datamap"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["data-map","chunk","autonomi"],"sources":["https://docs.autonomi.com/how-it-works/encryption-and-authentication/self-encryption","https://docs.autonomi.com/developers/core-concepts/self-encryption"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Signature (Schnorr)","slug":"schnorr-signature","short":"The 64-byte signature on every Nostr event: a Schnorr signature on the secp256k1 curve (BIP 340) over the event id. It shows which key committed to the content; it does not expire and cannot be withdrawn.","pillar":"nostr","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#schnorr-signature","aliases":["BIP 340 signature","event signature"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"nostrbook-mcp-read-only-signing-line","title":"A Docs MCP Can Read the Whole Protocol. 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Receivers must scan the chain, which is still hard for light clients.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#silent-payments","aliases":["BIP 352","silent payment address"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key","title":"An xpub Is Not a Public Key: What Sharing an Extended Public Key Actually Exposes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["xpub","full-node"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0352.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"SLIP-39","slug":"slip-39","short":"A standard that splits a wallet's master secret into word shares using Shamir's secret sharing. A set number of shares rebuilds it; fewer reveal nothing about it. It is mostly not compatible with BIP 39.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#slip-39","aliases":["Shamir backup","SLIP39"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"seed-backup-is-not-recovery","title":"A Backup Is Not a Recovery: Seed Phrases, Passphrases, and the Restore You Haven't Tested","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/seed-backup-is-not-recovery"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["seed-phrase","bip-39","multisig"],"sources":["https://github.com/satoshilabs/slips/blob/master/slip-0039.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"Slippage","slug":"slippage","short":"The gap between the rate a swap was quoted and the rate it gets, caused by its own size against the pool's reserves and by transactions included before it. A signed tolerance sets the worst outcome accepted.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#slippage","aliases":["slippage tolerance"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"amm-pool-is-a-formula","title":"An AMM Pool Is a Formula, Not a Market Maker","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/amm-pool-is-a-formula"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["amm","mev","transaction-simulation"],"sources":["https://uniswap.org/whitepaper.pdf","https://github.com/Uniswap/v2-periphery/blob/master/contracts/UniswapV2Router02.sol"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Speaker diarisation","slug":"speaker-diarisation","short":"Splitting a recording by voice and labelling the parts speaker 0, speaker 1 and so on. Labels group similar-sounding audio within one file only; they are not names and do not establish anyone's real-world identity.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#speaker-diarisation","aliases":["speaker diarization","diarization","speaker attribution"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"oss-ai-2026-11-09-speaker-label-is-not-identity","title":"A Speaker Label Is Not an Identity: Offline Transcription Arrives in llama.cpp v0.9.0","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/oss-ai-2026-11-09-speaker-label-is-not-identity"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["speech-to-text","model-card"],"sources":["https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Transcribe-30B-A4B"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Speech-to-text (transcription)","slug":"speech-to-text","short":"Turning recorded speech into text with a model. Run locally, the recording can stay on the machine, but the transcript can still be wrong, especially in less well-supported languages: it is the model's reading of the audio, not a record.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#speech-to-text","aliases":["transcription","automatic speech recognition","speech recognition"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"oss-ai-2026-11-09-speaker-label-is-not-identity","title":"A Speaker Label Is Not an Identity: Offline Transcription Arrives in llama.cpp v0.9.0","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/oss-ai-2026-11-09-speaker-label-is-not-identity"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["speaker-diarisation","local-inference","model-card"],"sources":["https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/multimodal.md","https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Transcribe-30B-A4B"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"SpendProof","slug":"spendproof","short":"A signed Monero attestation that the prover authorised a given transaction, without naming the destination address. Like other payment proofs, it covers one transaction, not the wallet.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#spendproof","aliases":["spend proof"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"payment-proof-is-not-a-view-key","title":"A Payment Proof Is Not a View Key: What a Monero tx_key Actually Proves","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/payment-proof-is-not-a-view-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["payment-proof","transaction-key"],"sources":["https://docs.getmonero.org/rpc-library/wallet-rpc/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Stealth address","slug":"stealth-address","short":"Monero's one-time destinations: for every payment the sender derives a fresh on-chain address for the recipient, so a published address never appears on the ledger and incoming payments cannot easily be grouped.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#stealth-address","aliases":["one-time address"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-class-privacy","title":"What Transparent Ledgers Leak — and Why On-Chain Privacy Matters","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-class-privacy"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["subaddress","unlinkability","private-view-key"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/stealthaddress.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Subaddress","slug":"subaddress","short":"An extra Monero receive address derived from the wallet's private view key, so each payer or purpose can get its own. Observers cannot link them, but one view key covers them all and they are not separate identities.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#subaddress","aliases":["subaddresses"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-subaddress-is-not-a-separate-identity","title":"A Subaddress Is Not a Separate Identity: Janus Outputs, Sweeps, and the Seed Boundary","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-subaddress-is-not-a-separate-identity"},{"slug":"monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure","title":"A View Key Is Not a Transparent Chain","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["janus-attack","stealth-address","unlinkability"],"sources":["https://docs.getmonero.org/public-address/subaddress/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Taproot","slug":"taproot","short":"A Bitcoin output type (P2TR, BIP 341) spent either with one Schnorr signature (BIP 340) for its key, or by revealing one script from a committed tree (BIP 342). Descriptors write it tr(KEY); BIP 137 signing cannot cover it.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#taproot","aliases":["P2TR","BIP 341","pay-to-taproot"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380","title":"A Seed Phrase Is Not a Wallet Definition: BIP 380 Output Descriptors","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380"},{"slug":"self-custody-a-signature-is-not-proof-of-funds","title":"A Signature Is Not Proof of Funds: What BIP 322 Message Signing Can and Cannot Show","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-a-signature-is-not-proof-of-funds"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["output-descriptor","bip-137","message-signing"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki","https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340.mediawiki","https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0342.mediawiki","https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0386.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"TEE (trusted execution environment)","slug":"tee","short":"Hardware isolation that keeps a running workload, such as a model and its data, separated from the host system. It does not by itself encrypt the prompt on the way in, and its claims rest on attestation.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#tee","aliases":["trusted execution environment","enclave"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"venice-ai-privacy-modes-verify-vs-trust","title":"A Privacy Mode Is Not a Proof: Venice's Ladder from Policy to Enclave","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/venice-ai-privacy-modes-verify-vs-trust"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["attestation","end-to-end-encryption","inference-residency"],"sources":["https://docs.venice.ai/guides/features/tee-e2ee-models","https://docs.venice.ai/overview/privacy","https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9334.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Threat model","slug":"threat-model","short":"A short written record of what you are protecting, from whom, how bad and how likely failure is, and which costs you accept. It is not a list of fears; it shows what you can safely ignore.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#threat-model","aliases":["security plan"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"threat-model-one-page","title":"A Threat Model Is Not a Fear List: Writing Yours on One Page","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/threat-model-one-page"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["metadata","remote-node"],"sources":["https://ssd.eff.org/module/your-security-plan"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Token approval","slug":"token-approval","short":"An on-chain permission, called an allowance, letting another address or contract spend a wallet's tokens up to a set amount. Software can grant a large or unlimited allowance automatically, which extends trust to that contract.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#token-approval","aliases":["token allowance","ERC-20 approval"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"autonomi-pay-once-upload-not-subscription","title":"Pay-Once Is Not a Subscription: Autonomi Upload Payment vs Retrieval","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/autonomi-pay-once-upload-not-subscription"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["autonomi-network-token","non-custodial"],"sources":["https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20","https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/standards/tokens/erc-20/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Tool calling","slug":"tool-calling","short":"A model replying with a structured request to run a named function instead of plain text. The host program runs it and feeds the result back, so side effects happen outside the model and tool output becomes untrusted input.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#tool-calling","aliases":["function calling","tool use"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary","title":"Inference Residency Is Not Action Residency: Tools, MCP, and Local LLMs","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["ai-agent","mcp","prompt-injection"],"sources":["https://docs.ollama.com/capabilities/tool-calling"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Tor","slug":"tor","short":"An overlay network that sends traffic encrypted in layers through several relays, so your internet provider sees only that you use Tor and servers see only Tor relays. It hides your IP address, not what your queries reveal.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#tor","aliases":["The Onion Router"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"network-privacy-node-tor-i2p","title":"On-Chain Privacy Is Not Network Privacy: Node Choice, Tor, and I2P","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/network-privacy-node-tor-i2p"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["i2p","remote-node","metadata"],"sources":["https://support.torproject.org/about-tor/introduction/protections/","https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/tor.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Transaction key","slug":"transaction-key","short":"A one-time secret key created for each Monero transaction. Shared with the transaction ID and an address, it lets a verifier see how much that transaction sent there; anyone holding it can also test other addresses.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#transaction-key","aliases":["tx key","transaction secret key"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"payment-proof-is-not-a-view-key","title":"A Payment Proof Is Not a View Key: What a Monero tx_key Actually Proves","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/payment-proof-is-not-a-view-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["payment-proof","spendproof"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/user-guides/prove-payment.html","https://docs.getmonero.org/rpc-library/wallet-rpc/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Transaction simulation","slug":"transaction-simulation","short":"A dry run of a transaction against the chain's current state showing its likely result before signing. A preview, not a promise: state can change before inclusion, and it is only as honest as the node running it.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#transaction-simulation","aliases":["transaction preview","simulate before signing"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"frontend-is-not-the-protocol","title":"The Website Is Not the Contract: Who You Trust Before You Sign","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/frontend-is-not-the-protocol"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["rpc-endpoint","token-approval","mempool"],"sources":["https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/","https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/transactions/","https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/mev/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Trust boundary","slug":"trust-boundary","short":"The line between what you control and what you must trust others to handle. For local AI it is the sum of what the setup can reach (model endpoints, tools, files, browsers, plugins), not where the weights sit.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#trust-boundary","aliases":[],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary","title":"Inference Residency Is Not Action Residency: Tools, MCP, and Local LLMs","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-ai-tools-mcp-trust-boundary"},{"slug":"agent-zero-container-is-not-the-boundary","title":"Docker Is the Starting Line, Not the Boundary: Mapping Every Bridge Out of Agent Zero","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/agent-zero-container-is-not-the-boundary"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["inference-residency","mcp","ai-agent","threat-model"],"sources":["https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/modelcontextprotocol/blob/main/SECURITY.md","https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/2025-11-25/tutorials/security/security_best_practices"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"TVL (total value locked)","slug":"tvl","short":"The market value of assets deposited in a protocol's contracts at a given moment. It measures deposits, not safety; it moves with market rates even when nobody deposits, and counting rules differ between data aggregators.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#tvl","aliases":["total value locked"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"amm-pool-is-a-formula","title":"An AMM Pool Is a Formula, Not a Market Maker","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/amm-pool-is-a-formula"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["amm","dex"],"sources":["https://docs.llama.fi/list-your-project/what-to-include-as-tvl"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Typosquat / phishing domain","slug":"phishing-domain","short":"A misspelt or near-identical web address made to pass as a real site, app store or installer so a visitor enters a seed or signs something. How a page looks proves nothing about who runs it.","pillar":"dex","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#phishing-domain","aliases":["typosquat","typosquatting","lookalike site","phishing site"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"},{"slug":"threat-model-one-page","title":"A Threat Model Is Not a Fear List: Writing Yours on One Page","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/threat-model-one-page"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["non-custodial","self-custody"],"sources":["https://www.cisa.gov/secure-our-world/recognize-and-report-phishing"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G6"},{"term":"Unlinkability","slug":"unlinkability","short":"The property that an observer cannot tell whether two actions, addresses or payments belong to the same person. Stealth addresses and subaddresses give recipients this against outsiders, but shared keys, consolidation or reused habits can break it.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#unlinkability","aliases":["unlinkable"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-class-privacy","title":"What Transparent Ledgers Leak — and Why On-Chain Privacy Matters","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-class-privacy"},{"slug":"monero-subaddress-is-not-a-separate-identity","title":"A Subaddress Is Not a Separate Identity: Janus Outputs, Sweeps, and the Seed Boundary","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-subaddress-is-not-a-separate-identity"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["stealth-address","subaddress","anonymity-set","metadata"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/stealthaddress.html","https://docs.getmonero.org/public-address/subaddress/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"UTXO","slug":"utxo","short":"Unspent transaction output: an amount of bitcoin locked to the conditions in its script until spent. A wallet balance is really a set of UTXOs, and PSBTs carry UTXO data so an offline signer can check amounts.","pillar":"bitcoin","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#utxo","aliases":["unspent transaction output","UTXOs"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"},{"slug":"self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing","title":"PSBT and Air-Gapped Signing: Keep Keys Offline While the Network Watches","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["psbt","full-node","fee-rate"],"sources":["https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/transactions.html","https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0174.mediawiki"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G2"},{"term":"Vector store","slug":"vector-store","short":"A database that keeps embeddings, usually with their source text, and finds those nearest a query. It can be a file on your own disk or a hosted service; that choice decides whether a document index leaves your control.","pillar":"deai","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#vector-store","aliases":["vector database","vector index"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"local-rag-embeddings-residency","title":"Local Chat Is Not Data Residency: RAG, Embeddings, and Vector Stores","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/local-rag-embeddings-residency"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["embedding","rag","trust-boundary"],"sources":["https://docs.trychroma.com/docs/run-chroma/clients","https://github.com/asg017/sqlite-vec"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G5"},{"term":"Verify before trust","slug":"verify-before-trust","short":"CryptoDecentral's term for checking software, addresses and assumptions before relying on them: verifying downloads, comparing every character of a destination on a trusted screen, and testing recovery. Without it, self-custody is a slogan.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#verify-before-trust","aliases":["don't trust, verify","verify, don't trust"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-verify-before-trust","title":"Self-Custody Without Verify-Before-Trust Is a Slogan","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-verify-before-trust"},{"slug":"self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing","title":"PSBT and Air-Gapped Signing: Keep Keys Offline While the Network Watches","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["self-custody","release-signature","recovery-test"],"sources":["https://bitcoincore.org/en/download/","https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/definition/","https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/managing-wallets.md"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"},{"term":"View-only wallet","slug":"view-only-wallet","short":"A Monero wallet built from an address plus its private view key. It sees incoming payments but cannot spend, and after any spends its balance is wrong until key images from the full wallet are imported.","pillar":"privacy","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#view-only-wallet","aliases":["view only wallet","view-only Monero wallet"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure","title":"A View Key Is Not a Transparent Chain","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/monero-view-keys-selective-disclosure"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["private-view-key","key-image","watch-only-wallet"],"sources":["https://www.getmonero.org/resources/user-guides/view_only.html","https://docs.getmonero.org/cold-storage/offline-transaction-signing/"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G3"},{"term":"Watch-only wallet","slug":"watch-only-wallet","short":"A Bitcoin wallet holding only public material, such as an xpub or public descriptor, so it can track payments and build unsigned transactions but cannot spend. Whoever holds that material can see every address it covers.","pillar":"wallets","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/glossary#watch-only-wallet","aliases":["watching-only wallet","watch-only"],"relatedNotes":[{"slug":"self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380","title":"A Seed Phrase Is Not a Wallet Definition: BIP 380 Output Descriptors","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-output-descriptors-bip380"},{"slug":"self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing","title":"PSBT and Air-Gapped Signing: Keep Keys Offline While the Network Watches","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-psbt-airgapped-signing"},{"slug":"self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key","title":"An xpub Is Not a Public Key: What Sharing an Extended Public Key Actually Exposes","url":"https://cryptodecentral.co.za/notes/self-custody-xpub-is-not-a-public-key"}],"relatedPages":[],"seeAlso":["xpub","psbt","air-gapped-signing","output-descriptor"],"sources":["https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0174.mediawiki","https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/wallets.html"],"verifiedOn":"2026-11-13","batch":"G1"}]}